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Laws and Policies

Climate Policy Database

Legislative Decree 199 from 8 November 2021 (initial version)

Legislative Decree 199, 8 November 2021 (Consolidated version)

Legislative Decree 190/2024

Legislative Decree 178/2025 

Published

Amended

Legislative Decree 199/2021 implements Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of energy from renewable sources, updating Italy’s renewable energy framework to align with EU climate and energy goals for 2030 and 2050. It defines national renewable energy objectives and the institutional, financial, and legal tools needed to increase the share of renewables, coordinated with the NECP and the Recovery and Resilience Facility Plan. The decree sets out support schemes and incentive mechanisms for renewable electricity, heat, biogas and biomethane, regulates energy sharing, self-consumption, and renewable energy communities, and introduces rules for transitioning from old to new incentive mechanisms. It also includes provisions on simplifying permitting, promoting energy storage and electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and establishing sustainability criteria for biofuels.
The Legislative Decree 190/2024, supplemented by provisions from the Legislative Decree 178/2025, streamlines and reorganises the permitting regimes for renewable energy plants in Italy, introducing clearer categories (free activity, simplified procedure, and single authorisation) to accelerate project approval and strengthen the implementation of Legislative Decree 199/2021.

Legislative Decree 199/2021 implementing Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of energy from renewable sources, amended by Legislative Decree 190/2024 and Legislative Decree 178/2025

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Electrical energy generated from mechanical devices driven by flowing fresh water.

Heavy precipitation refers to any form of weather where substances fall from the sky, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Activities that involve planning, designing and building infrastructure, residential, and commercial structures.

Production of electricity and heat from solar irradiation.

This sector includes firms and individuals offering specialised expertise in fields such as law, accounting, consulting, science and engineering.

Conditions that enhance the feasibility of adaptation options. Enabling conditions include finance, technological innovation, strengthening policy instruments, institutional capacity, multi-level governance and changes in human behaviour and lifestyles.

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

Compulsory, required payments to the government that are levied more-or-less in proportion to the services provided. Fees and charges range from entrance fees to national parks, charges on land-based sewage discharge.

This sector provides communication services, software development, and IT solutions.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

Heat extracted from the ground, usually in the form of hot water or steam and typically referred to as hydrothermal fluid.

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

Extreme weather refers to events where a weather variable exceeds (or falls below) a threshold. Meaning it is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

Legislative Decree 178/2025

Policy instrument

Risk

Renewable energy

Fossil fuel

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance