This climate law establishes Armenia’s overall legal framework for addressing climate change and organizing climate policy across the country in line with the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, covering both mitigation and adaptation. Its main purpose is to create a coordinated national system for both mitigation (cutting greenhouse gas emissions and alligning national action with international commitments) and adaptation by helping society, infrastructure, and the economy prepare for and respond to climate impacts. The law defines responsibilities across government institutions and encourages cooperation between national authorities, local governments, businesses, and individuals. It introduces mechanisms for climate planning, implementation, monitoring, reporting, and evaluation to improve accountability and transparency. The law also supports the development of financing mechanisms and creates institutional arrangements for coordinated climate action, establishes a national measurement, reporting, and verification system, and integrates climate finance into the public financial management system.
Key policy instruments include Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), a long-term low-emission development strategy, and a national climate adaptation programme, all approved by Government. The law introduces regulatory tools such as GHG emission permits, carbon pricing mechanisms (carbon tax or emissions trading), and mandatory GHG accounting and reporting by legal entities above defined thresholds. A measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system aligned with the Paris Agreement's Enhanced Transparency Framework is established, with annual government reporting to the National Assembly. Lastly, Chapter 4 creates a Climate Council as the central coordination and advisory body. Chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister, the Council brings together representatives of relevant government bodies, civil society organisations, scientific institutions and local authorities. Its mandate includes reviewing national climate documents (NDCs, strategies, adaptation programmes), issuing recommendations to the Government, and ensuring cross-sectoral coordination of climate policy.

Armenia’s Climate Law

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives